Product Design in Cyberspace Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Product Design in Cyberspace - Case Study Example Games are being made on subjects that include but are not limited to sex, rape, murder, robbery, fight, theft, insult and humiliation. This paper discusses whether or not video game designers should make games that are too violent for innocent minds. It has been observed that children who have a habit or liking for playing games spend a major portion of their day playing them. This can fundamentally be attributed to the task oriented nature of the games. A vast majority of games are about striving to achieve a certain goal. Having achieved which, the player is taken to the next level. Unless all the levels are cleared, the player would keep struggling hard. The complex plots require the children to put in their maximum effort. In an attempt to conceive the game strategy and achieve the goal, children tend to memorize the plot of the game and in their subconscious, they tend to approve all that is conveyed to them through the game. This can be estimated from the fact that the abbrevia ted language children use to communicate with one another in the virtual world reflects in the speech they deliver in the real world as well. However, this is only one aspect in which the children are affected that most of us are aware of simply because it is so obvious. There are more harsh realities that many of us do not know because they do not show up as obviously as language does.

Rethinking Court Decisions on Middle-Income Mothers and Its Effects on Research Paper

Rethinking Court Decisions on Middle-Income Mothers and Its Effects on Their Children - Research Paper Example As children grow old, the society gives them jobs classifying them into their respective gender, either male or female (Ruether 647). Over time, people have accepted that the role of the women in the home, apart from giving birth, encompasses taking care of the homestead their children and the husband (Philbrick and Margaret 618). Being responsible for giving birth, automatically, the women assume the role of caregiving and nursing of the baby. They breastfeed, cook for the child, wash and even train them basic things such as talking and walking (Laxmi 95). Traditionally, men hold the responsibility of providing for their families. This role thus keeps men away from their families and their children most of the time. They are mostly busy at work or doing business in order to provide for their families. Currently, the world changes in a dynamic way. Subsequently, there is an increase in the family needs. With the cost living rising constantly, men are obliged to stay away more from th an ever. They thus leave their homes with their wives, who have to be around for the sake of the kids (Laxmi 95). Only recently, thanks to the gender equalization and sensitization campaign in the society, changes occur in these roles. Women now hold bigger roles than before. Proponents of gender equalization argue that women and men should hold equal roles in the society. While this is possible literary, practically, it is impossible. Men still hold the role of paying the hefty bills in the home, such school fees. This burden grows even bigger for the middle-income families, most of who live in urban areas. Coupled with rent and other necessities in towns and cities, the burden grows bigger. Except in some unique cases, men... Rethinking Court Decisions on Middle-Income Mothers and Its Effects on Their Children In a family setting, mothers hold the biggest responsibility, especially in taking care of their homes. This role, naturally assigned to them from the very birth of the child, requires their presence, providing their children with attention at all times. Middle-income women have even a bigger responsibility, contributing to the family financial needs and taking care of their families. With all these responsibilities, women hold a very important role in the family. In court cases, judges and jury pass judgement according to the arguments presented by the advocates. Women involved in any case, whether rightfully or wrongfully convicted attract the suffering to the family. If a woman, holding the responsibility of taking care of the home, while at the same time contributing financially to the running of the home goes behind bars, children suffer and as such, there is the need to rethinking court decisions on middle-income mothers and its effects on their children. There is no point of causing suffering to a bigger group of people in order to punish a single person. This is like creating a bigger problem while struggling to solve a small problem. Reconsidering these judgements means seeking for alternative ways of punishing these women, rather than putting them behind bars. House jail could be an option as well as community service and hard labour. Where unavoidable, visiting the family on regular basis is important.

The Growth Of New Media

The Growth Of New Media News has seen many changes over the years newspaper to radio, radio to TV and now TV to web 2.0, an ever-changing and vast, floor for interactive news, views and content. No one can argue journalism, when practiced well, is of public value in a free and democratic society, it provides, entertainment, information and acts as a whistleblower on inequality and corruption within our countries and states. However, the field of journalism is currently under scrutiny, Hillel Nossek comments: It seems that the great threat facing journalism is de-professionalization, which means that everyone can be a journalist and nobody actually is one. (Nossek, 2009:358) In this essay I will try to weigh up the positive and negative impacts of news recent evolution to the internet. I will focus on the new ethics involved in such things as citizen journalism, the resulting Churnalism that has resulted from the speed and resourcefulness of web 2.0 ; weighing up the positive and negative impacts on journal ists and journalism as a whole. I The first point I would like to raise focuses on the idea of Citizen journalism and a paper written by Dr. Damien Tambini titled, Media Ethics in the New Media Landscape. The paper comments on a current debate revolving around the question: How is the rise of new media and online journalism affecting the traditional journalistic standards of objectivity, accuracy and verification? (Tambini 2010:1). In answer, he focuses around the ethics of so-called citizen journalism, and how this reflects upon the ethics, the rights and the privileges of professional journalists. Citizen journalism is a term used to describe bloggers and tweeters who, using investigative journalism mainly based on online research and second hand sources, break stories and news, using the internet. This is a change from the traditional, professional ethics to mixed media ethics. The stories these citizen journalists produce being from second hand sources are widely disregarded as inaccurate and therefore soil the reputation of the field of journalism, and its ethics. In an interview conducted in Changing Journalism the editor of a regional paper said: It irritates the hell out of me. Its not news. Its people wanting their five minutes of fame and its not accurate because they havent spoken to anybody (interview with Editor of a regional newspaper by Peter Lee-Wright 2008: 33). In response Bloggers argue that new media are developing their own ethical systems based on distributed intelligence and the wisdom of crowds. (Tambini, 2010:1) In a sense this point of view could argue citizen journalism could have a positive impact, as Rebillar and Taboul comment: views of the web 2.0 associate liberty, autonomy and horizontality (Rebillar and Taboul 2010:325) and I think this raises a good point how can you argue against more democracy, accuracy and equality? The Tambini paper also raises questions asking Are the newcomers also sharing the responsibilities? Are they obeying the rules, and sharing the costs of implementing them? (Tambini 2010: 4) He then points out citizen journalists are now getting access to protection of sources, freedom of expression and public interest defences. These were previously considered exclusive Lobby passes for Journalists. Because of the loss of the exclusivity in journalists rights and privileges, it puts into question the whole profession of journalism and what it means to be a journalist and I refer back to the Nossek comment in my intro, that in theory anybody can be a journalist. This would argue a strong case for the de-professionalization of journalists and would infer that changes in social and economical changes to the field are affecting the occupation of professional journalists, but not the ethics of the field itself. Even so, Nick Couldry did a survey in 2010 finds little evidence for what he calls writer-gatherers muscling in on professional space. On the other hand, Tambini expresses this still worries journalists, simply because journalists seem to say the citizen journalists constantly flout the ethical rules in place, in the race to the bottom. The lack of communication with original sources and huge inaccuracies are bound to come about within this tussle for speed, and this would have a negative effect on the ethics of reporting of news online. Journalists also argue that this is in turn putting more pressure on journalists to rush stories and take less care in sourcing stories and policing conflicts of interest, (Tambini, 2010: 1) creating what author Nick Davies describes as Churnalism. II This Churnalism is the concept the second part of my essay will focus on. Churnalism is a word invented by Nick Davies. In his book Flat Earth News. It describes a hugely negative impact of new media, journalistic practices. Davies explains: Journalists are pumping out stories without checking them stories which then circle the planet. And so now, in a way that was not true in the past, mass media are not merely prone to occasional error but constitutionally and constantly vulnerable to being infected with falsehood, distortion and propaganda (Davies, 2009: 51). He explains the introduction of the internet has led to information being sent around the globe at unprecedented levels. Shown in incidents such as The millennium bug where he explains The ethic of honesty has been overwhelmed by the mass production of ignorance. (Davies 2009: 28) The result is a decline in journalistic quality due to the way news rooms have become News factories, pumping out stories not properly sourced, checked and constantly recycled. He describes a young reporter writing in the British Journalism review in 2004 explaining: Of all the impressions I had of the professionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ relying on telephone interviews and the internet for so much written work was not one of them (Davies 2009: 55). Reliance on the internet as a saver of time and money Davies argues is a big contributor to Churnalism. However, evidence has been found of other people within the field, in particular editors, who have taken a more nuanced view to new media: I wade through the rubbish eve ry day, but then I think that some of the most exciting stuff I read is online and through blogs and all of that. So I would want journalists to get excited about it rather than being defensive about it (Interview with a Section editor, national newspaper by Peter Lee-Wright 2008:33). These conflicting views have sparked much debate within news rooms. Even though the question still stands to the effect of new media within the newsroom, Davies extensive research into Churnalism has found its effects to be quite devastating, in regards to wider journalism. As part of his research into Churnalism Davies also investigated news stories running in four of the most prestigious daily newspapers: The Times The Guardian The Independent and The daily Telegraph. He commissioned a group of specialist researchers who, tracked over 2,207 incoming news stories and where possible tracked backwards to find their source material. They found quite astounding results. 60% of these stories came direct from wire copy and/or PR material, with another 12% simply containing elements of the same, 8% source material they were unsure about and only 12% of stories was sourced by the journalists themselves. They also found that a staggering 70% of them passed to print without any corroboration at all (Davies 2009: 52). This is clear proof of Davies Churnalism and the implications of this show an image of news as a pawn of PR scams instead of a voice on behalf of the people and democracy. Clearly, this depicts a rather appalling prospect for journalisms future. Flat Earth News also raises the issue the internet has created a growing demand for immediacy and the negative effects this has had on new media. He refers to Pete Clifton ex-head of the BBCs News interactive who was quoted saying: Our site came on top with a load time of 0.85 secs to beat the likes of ITV and Sky (1.63 secs). (Davies, 2009: 70) Davies goes on to expand on this clash of traditional journalism and the new high speed Churnalism, using the example of the official BBC guide which is given to all staff on News interactive. Which on one hand urges: Your story must be accurate, impartial, balanced and uphold the values of BBC newsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Never publish anything that you do not understand, that is speculation or inadequately sourced and then in complete contradiction: Get the story up as fast as you canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ We encourage a sense of urgency we want to be first (Davies 2009: 70) It then gives a five minute target for breaking news. This is clearly an impossib le task for any journalist. Time constraints have also been made harder by declining staff and lack of ground-up resources, which are rampant throughout the newsrooms. This is due partly to the free cost of internet news and internets ability to put fewer limitations on what a single journalist can do. Contradictions such as this create huge difficulties between the mediums of traditional journalism and new media ethics. III Even So, many can see the positive impacts of new media practices such as fast breaking news. In this part of the essay I will try to explain the positive impacts the web has had on journalism. Firstly, Anna Mainwaring is a producer in the BBC News UGC (User generated content) hub who describes it as a revolution in News gathering. In an interview conducted in Changing Journalism Mainwaring commented: Instead of teams going out to get stories, stories are coming to us, on a story the year before about a number of young males being stabbed in London she says: In the old days, we would have sent a team of hacks to doorstep, knock on doorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Now we sit in the newsroom and the girlfriend has already contacted the BBC message board. Weve got her e-mail. A journalist phones and interviews her and shes on air in minutesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The speed is phenomenal (Anna Mainwaring, interview conducted by Peter Lee-Wright 2009: 34) This is a great example of how the speed and the vast networking capabilities of the internet have increased speed output and accuracy of stories, two very important principles for traditional journalism. Also, there is a theory that even the publics supposedly damaging, inaccurate, publish first-correct later (Tambini 2010) attitude, could have a positive impact revolving around the idea of networked journalism. A new concept Charlie Beckett argues is fundamental to new medias compatibility with modern journalism. He argues that To retain value journalism must engage with the public. It must shift power from the newsroom to the connected online and digital world. It must become networked. (Beckett, 2008) This theory depicts, that the rise of the internet could see a of return of Habermas public sphere, whereby the users can immediately pick up on inaccuracies in stories and report them back and discuss, through active reception and living response (Williams, 1983: 304). This could have a very strong positive outcome for the ethics of journalism, democracy and national and international development. It also takes power away from big international news agencies and who are more recentl y regarded as biased and greedy monopolies of news output. The introduction of internet technology has also increased dissemination, as stories can reach huge audiences across the globe at no extra cost. This is good news for the newspaper companies and journalists alike as Jeff Jarvis argues in his book What Would Google Do?: Google allows people to find stories that, in the old days they wouldnt have seen. (J. Jarvis 2009: 124) this has proved true in the coverage of a number of significant events the so-called Green revolution on the streets of Tehrans streets after the 2009 presidential election and the 2007 monks saffron rebellion in Burma. This is a positive outcome of modern media ethics and is an important development to keep in mind in terms of the future of new media ethics. Increases in other technologies such as camera phones and digital cameras are also increasing user generated content and journalists possibilities for capturing news. The subtlety of camera phones and the decreased size in reporting equipment and a visible crew, with up to twenty large silver boxes of equipment, has given journalists and their producers increased flexibility. A good example is in the Zimbabwe 2008 elections whereby all journalists were banned from reporting within the country. As Robin Elias managing editor of ITN says in N.Fentons New Media, old news: We actually presented an evening new programme from the centre of Harare, during the crackdown, during the election, when we werent allowed in there let alone to broadcast out of it and we broadcast over a garden wall over a BGAN mobile phone, a satellite phone and it sort of dawned on everybodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that theres virtually nowhere in the world thats inaccessible now (Robin Elias, interview conducted by Peter L ee-Wright, 2010: 72). Other examples include the tidal disaster in Japan in 2011 where the internet was swamped with a multitude of videos of the disaster. The combination of modern technologies such as email, mobile phones, digital cameras and easily accessible editing software coupled with sites like Youtube, Twitter and other blog sites; add to more variety and a much more diverse media landscape, changing the way we now absorb our news. It also reinforces this idea that many networked contributions towards coverage of breaking news is hugely beneficial to new media ethics. In conclusion: In May 2011 the number of internet users worldwide reached over 2billion (internetworldstats.com). The Guardians online readership now exceeds 30million compared to only 300,000 print readers. The undeniable pressures of the web have put journalisms and more importantly journalists position, into very turbulent disrepute. The editors have had to adapt in a time when news is free and news can be taken from other organisations without paying for it. The pressure has, in turn landed on the journalists, expecting them to use newer technologies to churn out more content with less time. The digital revolution has also given ordinary citizens the tools to contribute UGC and interact with journalists and stories. A strong negative impact of the web is that Smaller to medium sized print firms are either dying or have died as a result of the rise of the internet, as adaptation has become increasingly difficult. This is due to advertisement becoming the main source of income for all news outlet s and advertisers at the same time that advertising firms are sweeping onto the next big website to catch its much larger readership. Also other technological advances such as the kindle and Guardian Apps on smart phones are leaving newspapers business models in constant limbo. It seems to me that the future of online journalism is unclear and we can only sit back and put any positive or negative implications into context. The positive implications of the web, if properly channelled, are an exciting prospect in favour of democracy and challenging dominant forces. It does however have seem to have had a rather negative impact on professional journalists themselves, whos roles are now challenged from many, many angles.

Deception in Hamlet :: essays research papers

Deception is a recurring theme in Hamlet. In a tale of murder, love, and politics, deception could have no more fitting place. The lies and pretensions interweave each other, and there is no character left out of this web. All the central characters have their secrets to hide and mistruths to spread, and this is central to the plot and its progression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  King Claudius deceives all those around him with his mourning and celebrating demeanor, and his strange celebration and waking. He seems to grieve for the brother that he slew, and works to console all others that may or may not grieve for his brother’s death, such as his nephew and step-son Hamlet. His pretense is great, and forces Hamlet to investigate the truth of the ghost’s tale, unraveling the mystery of his father’s death and others’ involvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prince Hamlet has perhaps the most devious series of deceptions in the tragedy. He feints madness, in order to soften up the minds of those he seeks to learn information from, by putting them off their guard. Hamlet also sets in motion a plan to discover his uncle’s guilt in the murder of his father through a play within a play within a play, aptly named â€Å"The Mousetrap.† His clever pretension also leads Polonius astray in his presumption as to the cause of Hamlet’s supposed strange manner and Ophelia to believe that his love for her has gone with his sanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ophelia is also key in the theme of deception in the play. However, she is more so privy to the intentions of others to deceive than to her own. Her lies are merely a sense of self-preservation in a world dominated by men. She deceives Hamlet on her feelings for him at the behest of her father, Polonius, in his scheme to determine the true cause of Hamlet’s strange behavior. Ophelia in turn is actually herself deceived by Hamlet’s scheme to feint madness. Essentially she is the channeling of Polonius’ plot of political investigation, and as used as she may be by all sides, she is not seriously affected by it towards the end of Act III, other than through the death of her oppressive father.

Chris mccandless and timothy treadwell

That the path you are supposed to travel is set in stone and the choices you're faced with weren't yours to be decided. Is it true? Are we really Just a small part of something that a higher power thinks we're too feeble-minded to understand? No, we make our own choices; we are In charge of our lives and have the ability to change our lives If we want to. And that's exactly what Chris Mishandles and Timothy Treadwell did. They weren't happy with the life they had so they lied, changed their names, and abandoned the lives they had for meeting they wanted.One of the big things that Chris Mishandles and Timothy Treadwell had in common was that they had troubled pasts, lied to the people they met, and changed their name. Although on a larger scale they changed and lied for different reasons, on a smaller scale they did it to get away from life they didn't want so that they could finally live the way they really wanted to. They were both smart, Mishandles went to Memory and Treadwell went to Bradley on a swimming scholarship, only to lose It because of a back Injury.A point in their pasts where they differ is in substance abuse, Treadwell had a terrible drinking problem and referred to his life with the bears as Is â€Å"13 year sobriety plan†, Mishandles never had any problems Like that. Although It may not have seemed Like It, they both had purposes for doing what they did. Treadwell wanted to protect the bears and educate people about them, but he still wanted to be involved with people. Mishandles did it for himself, he wanted to escapes from society and his family who he felt he could no longer trust.Whenever Mishandles felt people were getting too close he left, it was a defense mechanism, he didn't want to be hurt by others like he was by family. Treadwell had only been hurt by alcohol and women that didn't want him, but he still loved to be around people and experiencing life. But whatever the purpose or the outcome, they followed their dreams. Mishan dles wanted to go to Alaska and live off the land and journal, and he did, Treadwell wanted to educate people and tape his Journeys and he did. They both may have died, but It was doing what they loved, and at the end of he day Isn't that what we all want for ourselves?Something that seemed unlikely for both of them, but turned out to be true was that people liked them. Whether they wanted it or not, there was something about them drew people in and made them want to know more and be a part of their lives. But it wasn't that easy, Mishandles didn't trust people and If he started to let himself get close to people he pulled away and left people and himself to wonder why. Treadwell on the other hand kept many friends and visited people when he wasn't paving with the bears; he still wanted to have relationships.They weren't happy with the hand they were dealt, so they changed the game. People say that they were crazy, and deserved to die, but I think the opposite. I respect and admire them, even though their travels TLD necessarily end the way they wanted, they TLD let what people thought stop them, They were proving to people that Just because you're given a few bad cards In the beginning, doesn't mean you're going to lose the game. Chris mishandles and timothy Treadwell By Charlotte feeble-minded to understand?No, we make our own choices; we are in charge of our lives and have the ability to change our lives if we want to. And that's exactly what Chris Mishandles and Timothy Treadwell did. They weren't happy with the life they on a smaller scale they did it to get away from life they didn't want so that they could Memory and Treadwell went to Bradley on a swimming scholarship, only to lose it because of a back injury. A point in their pasts where they differ is in substance bears as is â€Å"13 year sobriety plan†, Mishandles never had any problems like that.Although it may not have seemed like it, they both had purposes for doing what he did. They both may have died, but it was doing what they loved, and at the end of the day isn't that what we all want for ourselves? But it wasn't that easy, Mishandles didn't trust people and if he started to let himself respect and admire them, even though their travels didn't necessarily end the way they wanted, they didn't let what people thought stop them. They were proving to people that Just because you're given a few bad cards in the beginning, doesn't mean

Harm of Nuclear Weapon

It took a lot of blood, sweat and tears to get to where we are today, but we have just begun. Today we begin in earnest the work of making sure that the world we leave our children is just a little bit better than the one we inhabit today as the only nuclear power to have used a nuclear weapon – the United States has a moral responsibility to act. Good morning respected judges teachers and my dear friends I here today to speak on the topic dangers of nuclear weapons We all know that the effect of the nuclear explosion in hiroshima and Nagasaki can be felt even today the survivors tell us that no one should ever undergo what they have been through a nuclear explosion creates a living hell where the living envy the dead. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter; a modern thermonuclear weapon weighing little more than a thousand kilograms can produce an explosion comparable to the detonation of more than a billion kilograms of conventional high explosive. [1] Thus, even single small nuclear devices no larger than traditional bombs can devastate an entire city by blast, fire and radiation. Nuclear weapons are considered weapons of mass destruction, and their use and control has been a major focus of international relations policy since their debut. In the history of warfare, only two nuclear weapons have been detonated offensively, both near the end of World War II. The first was detonated on the morning of 6 August 1945, when the United States dropped a uranium gun-type device code-named â€Å"Little Boy† on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The second was detonated three days later when the United States dropped a plutonium implosion-type device code-named â€Å"Fat Man† on the city of Nagasaki, Japan. These bombings resulted in the immediate deaths of an estimated 80,000 people (mostly civilians) from injuries sustained from the explosion. When factoring in deaths from long-term effects of ionizing radiation and acute radiation sickness, the total death toll is estimated at 120,000. The use of these weapons remains controversial. Since the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings, nuclear weapons have been detonated on over two thousand occasions for testing purposes and demonstration purposes. A few states have possessed such weapons or are suspected of seeking them. The only countries known to have detonated nuclear weapons—and that acknowledge possessing such weapons—are (chronologically) the United States, the Soviet Union (succeeded as a nuclear power by Russia), the United Kingdom, France, the People's Republic of China, India, Pakistan, and North Korea. Israel is also widely believed to possess nuclear weapons, though it does not acknowledge having them. [2]