Nathan Bradshaw Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Nathan Bradshaw First Year Experience Journal 4 The core values are lived out and practiced because it will help you to maintain a honest personality. Excellence, this is lived out when you do well in school and also in the future. Maintaining a healthy job to reach a standard of living. Getting good grades which leads you to a great job. Community, being one with your community will help you to maintain healthy relationships within school and also later on in life. This promotes a good social stature of living. Being social with everyone to have connections in the future and getting involved in activities such as sports. Respect, respect yourself and most importantly, other because this will help you to construct yourself into a better person and being able to utilize this in the future. Respect is earned throughout also when it is given. Personal development, this is building and bettering yourself throughout the years and this is beneficial because it will turn you into someone you would like to be. Finding yourself while you a re at school and build from there. Responsible stewardship, this is very helpful because it helps you to be able to be more responsible which will benefit you throughout your life. It is a natural practice that will prepare you for the real world. Getting a job on campus and taking on that responsibility is a good start. Integrity, having strong moral principles will help you further yourself in life and make you feel more free about yourself. If you are unable to do a quiz, be honest rather than trying to find a way to cheat through it which will not benefit you down the line.

Aboriginal Dreaming Is Aboriginal Spirituality essays

Aboriginal Dreaming Is Aboriginal Spirituality essays For approximately 65 Thousand years, the Australian Aborigines have been and had a culture, giving them the longest cultural background in the history of the world. This culture was and is the centre of the Aboriginal religion, spirit, soul and life, The Dreaming. The Dreaming can be and is defined as the past, the present and the future of the Aboriginal people of Australia as it relates to the story of Creation, the lives of the present Aboriginal generation and the prospective generations of Aboriginal people. The story of Creation of the whole earth, the shape of the land. Every creek, cliff and crevice have invisible vibrations that make apparent the history of every area, place and land, these unseen vibrations leave behind a residue or remnant, jiva or guniwari, that is forever in the earth and land, this is what the Aborigines call The Dreaming, the sacredness of the entire earth and Aboriginal people. Aboriginal spirituality takes shape in many forms. The Dreaming, the original and still present Aboriginal spirituality and religion, consists of stories and tales of creation and important figures of Aboriginal history. Dreaming is not only experienced and believed in by individuals but also as a community based spirit, it was given it's reverence and power by the Ancestors that performed the rituals that accompany it, such as songs, stories and symbols. The main religious rituals are concerned with the renewal and conservation of life, embracing the life force that humans are involved with that we are bonded with through body, soul and spirit, giving us inspiration. The land has a major connection with the Aboriginal people and The Dreaming is reflected through it specially. The land is not just what we live off, it's not just it's components for cultivation, it is the entire environment. It is the land on which we live, the water we consume, the sun, moon and stars, the life around us and the air we breathe, they are ...

Causes and implications of child marriage in slums in Karachi Pakistan

Causes and implications of child marriage in slums in Karachi Pakistan This chapter includes basic background knowledge of research explaining the key elements of information which is the foundation for the study. The inclusion of reasons for conducting this research are discussed and a methodology write up as an introductory part of study is included and also incorporates a brief summary of limitations that came across in this research and a list of definitions for key word also included. Marriage refers as a â€Å"Mithaq† means a solemn covenant between a wife and a husband and this agreement would be in writing. In Islam and the Quran marriage is a contract. Since an agreement can only be reach in between two parties if they give free consent and such statement make clear that such a contract cannot be relate to children. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares that both these individuals must take this decision with a consent at legitimate age. Marriage is a pleasurable bond, a promise to live, matrimony of love and respect in between two souls. The aim of living a satisfying life gets ruined and however the way life thought to live doesn’t exist now and this all becomes reality when a child both a girl and boy forcibly subjected to do early marriage as UNICEF defined early marriage as Child Marriage if a marriage is practicing before the age of 18. UNICEF define early marriage that occur before the age of 18 years or Early marriages are defined as marriages under the age of eighteen. In a condition that an individual to be able to make own self think includes abstract thought process, take decisions and to let live life by taking responsibilities, individual should require to have certain level of mental and spiritual maturity which is physiologically equal to period which will continues till the age of eighteen. Marriage is encountered as a moment of celebration or a milestone in individual’s life but early marriages give no such reason for celebration and, a term child marriage is used to define as marriage or union that take place before 18 years of age, endangers the life trajectories of young girls in many ways, United Nation Children’s Fund (UNICEF) reported that up to 3% of girls before the age of 15 get married in Pakistan and 21% are married before turn to 18. These are the current statistics of the Pakistan Demographics and Health Survey done in 2012-1013. Child Marriage are forced marriage as one or both the partners without giving consent or marry without giving right to refuse.1956 Supplementary Slavery Convention called Child Marriage as Child slavery. Supplementary Slavery Convention recognize the following actions relating to females in context to marriage related to slavery and all have been reported in Child Marriage. The decision taking to promise or giving a female without giving her an authority to say no by her spouse or parents or in consideration with some financial incentives or in case of widow inheritance or associated that female with some values. The Law of child protection (3rd July 2005) said that, a child is a person who didn’t turn eighteen or even if he/she reached stage. UNICEF reported that woman aged 20 to 24 who were married before they were 18 year. A boy and a girl both victimized but girls get affected most as it takes away their emotional, physical and mental wellbeing and limits their childhood a nd decision making ability and mobility.  · Child Marriages is a serious violation of young girls human rights deeply rooted in Pakistani culture, customs and traditional practices.  · In Spite of being illegal by international law, this practice continues and strongly entrenched in sociocultural norms and continue to rob young girl’s childhood. Millions of girls depriving from their basic rights to health, to educate and to empower. Child Marriages denies young girl’s rights to make decisions for their health and wellbeing.  · A framework is needed that would facilitate better to advocates and understand policies and laws that perpetuate Child Marriages.  · In Pakistan Child Marriages incident rates are unknown because of the complexity of this issues and it may often shrouded at provincial level in a wall of silence.  · Child Marriage is a global issue that occur across countries, religions, ethnicities and cultures. Young girls victimized in every region throughout the world.  · If Child Marriages not reduced, around the world, cruel number of women who married as child will increase by 1.2 billion by 2050.In developing countries one in three girls get to married before the age of 18.today more than 700 million women were married as Child. The main objective for doing this research was to explore the immense long existed rationales of Child Marriage practicing in Pakistan. It analyze various religious, social, cultural, traditional, behavioral, economic and political aspects.  · To determine the prevalence and embedded trends of Child Marriage.  · To determine the causes exhibiting Child Marriage.  · To determine and comment on the implication and consequences related to Child Marriages. Very little research has been done on Child marriage prevailing causes and implication in Pakistan. This lack of research creating a knowledge gap that directly affects the work of governmental authorities and policy makers. With this present analysis will enable experts to necessitate to have more understanding of Child Marriage drivers across the globe. In December 2013 World Health Organization arranged meeting of group of experts in alliance with Girls not Bride and UNICEF to identify areas for research and addresses knowledge gap areas. Participants discussed them in relation to following areas  · Inter and intra country dissimilarity in child marriage trends and prevalence: It’s a globalize issue with varying rates within and among different countries. Researchers reported to explore specific segmented analysis in order to address diversity relating to Ethnicity, Geography, socio-economic and educational aspects  · Child Marriage consequences: As it is associated with early pregnancies (births to adolescent’s incidence are around 90% globally in context to child marriage) and child marriage evidence based impact on neonatal, child health and reproductive is expanding. Low level of understanding raising the consequences of domestic violence and mental health issues contributing developmental, gender and social equity outcomes  · Ways to Prevent Child Marriage in Effective Way: In 2011 ICRW done with systematic review of intervention give evidences that how this dilemma should we deal with but limited evaluations found with small number of countries but experts need to have some more attention to rethink how to react to many different drivers of this offensive act and scale more effective program to deal with There is no rigorous data available in Pakistan to make an estimate on number of child marriages as very few cases reported to police and governmental authorities does not menace this actTo identify the gaps associated with Child Marriages incidences and to propose a framework what we should need to do to fill this gap is required.To highlight the contributing factors related to government, society, culture, socioeconomic status and education and propose a framework as an action plan to overcome with it, so that government and regulatory bodies reframe laws and make policies that will help to restru ctured this problem. The research will be done in slums of Karachi, Pakistan. Definitions of key words using in this research are as follows, Poverty: It depends on your access to social services and on income level. In 1995 United Nation World Summit For Social Development define poverty is a state designated by rigorous deprivation of an individual basic human needs such as Health, education, food, shelter, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities. The World Bank describe an individual living on less than with US$ 1.90 per day and defines moderate poverty with less than US$ 3.10 per day. Child Marriages: In 2009 UNICEF define early marriage that occur before the age of 18 years It can be defined as a future action or reasoning evolved with Child Marriages while making any logical judgment that can be the basis for circumstantial evidence. Social Class: Homogenous group of individuals living in a society practicing common social values having similar life interest with enjoying equal position of respect in a society which is being constructed on conceptual structures education, occupation, income and place of residence. Social class can be categorized in Pakistan as Upper Class, Middle Class and Lower Class based on income levels. For income level of Rs 4,000 and less than 25,000were categorized as lower class.For income level of Rs 25,000 to 65,000 less per month were categorized as middle class. For income level of Rs 65,000 to 250,000 per month were categorized as Upper class. Family Honor: The stigma and family distress attached with parents and spouse to premarital sex and child bearing before marriage Social pressure: Define as if a girls left unmarried by the age 15 villagers, neighbors and family naive start making doubt her chastity and health well-being. Haq Mehr: It is defined as the amount of money which the wife is entitled for by her husband in Islam.

Bulling in school Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bulling in school - Research Paper Example Some people, parents and teachers alike, believe bullying is a customary element of social development and in fact helps children in coping with dominating, overbearing types during their lives. However, bullying is a considerable problem and should not be tolerated. The results of bullying can be extremely serious; from depression to suicide in spite of which role was played. Fortunately, because bullying behavior normally occurs on a persistent basis, it can also usually be identified and prevented earlier and easier than more deviant behaviors years later, perhaps with the positive outcome of a reduction in criminality numbers among adults. Research investigating the naturalistic playground behavior of children indicates that those children who have low levels of acceptance among their peers are more inclined to become bullies. Consequently, it becomes imperative that teachers recognize the social construction developing in the classroom to be better able to divert any dangerous a ctivity before it gets out of control. Then, intervention strategies can be employed to help at risk children to learn how to best deal with difficult social situations. Studies conducted within the classroom have identified numerous groups with elevated risk of bullying behavior as either the victim or aggressor, which can aid teachers in determining when and what type of intervention is suitable. Research has indicated certain populations display increased instances of bullying behavior when put in a poverty situation. It indicates the significance of teachers not being too fast to correlate a student as a likely victim or bully based only on their economic status. Most experienced teachers can dependably differentiate between proactive aggression (bullying) and reactive aggression (an intention to protect). Many teachers, especially those in middle and high school tend to assume students will solve

Introduction and organizations as a soci-technical system Essay

Introduction and organizations as a soci-technical system - Essay Example Technology has often to be found as associated with implementation problems, examples of which are found from past and therefore STS has gained its importance in IT arena for quite a time. A number of establishments have summarized the way socio-technical principles can be put into practice (Lamb, Sawyer, & Kling, 2000). From personal experience it can be inferred that socio-technical system encompasses the technical issues that are at the same time associated with behavioral approaches. A linkage between technological elements and social interactions has found to be extremely important and accommodating. Bhatt (2001) indicated that â€Å"†¦knowledge management is best carried out through the optimization of technological and social subsystems†. Scacchi (2005) uses STINs (Socio-technical Interaction Networks) to understand Free and Open Source Software Development (F/OSSD) as discussed by Meyer E.T (2006). The weakness of socio-technical system described by Meyer E.T (2006) is that â€Å"whether a system that embodies both people and technology can be demonstrated not be in

Titanic Essay Example for Free

Titanic Essay In additions, that day night is no moon, it’s harder to see the iceberg. The Titanic have held about 3,000 people, only 20 lifeboats, it wasn’t enough to save all the people on the ship, that’s why so many people deaths. The Titanic didn’t take signal flares, when the Titanic wanted to ask some help, it just let off the fireworks instead of signal flares. Other ships see the fireworks; they didn’t know it was a distress signal. Just one ship Carpathian insisted to come there eventually picked up so many people. Sequences of sinking During April 14, 1912, Titanic’s radio operators received six messages from other ship warming of iceberg, but Titanic was travelling its maximum speed when it sighted the iceberg. At 11:40(ship’s time) the lookouts spotted an iceberg 1/4 mile ahead and alerted the bridge. Unable to turn quickly enough, the starboard side of Titanic struck the iceberg, creating a series of holes below the waterline. The ship was doomed; Titanic began sinking bow-first. The ship broke up as it sank with over a thousand passengers and crew members still aboard. So many people jumped into the cold water, they didn’t bear the cold water and died . It last two hours and forty minutes, and Titanic disappeared in the ocean. Aftermath of sinking It was the largest marine peril at that time. The Titanic had held almost 2200 people. Between 1490 and 1635 passengers were died, only 711 passengers were rescued and survived. It’s so sad for everyone. Carpathian took three days to reach New York leaving the scene of disaster. Nearly the entire New York police force was on hand. Later that day, confirmation came though that Titanic had been lost and most of passengers and crew had died. Advices of accident We don’t want the Titanic disaster happen again. There are so many reasons to lead to the accident. We must remember the advices. Later, we built ship; we must have enough lifeboats in the ship. We must have enough SOS signal flares and telescopes. We must improve our crisis awareness. We are serious to accept any SOS signal flares and warming messages. We can set up the organization which is rescuing the ship fall into troubles.

Kurt Vonnegut Essay -- Essays Papers

Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. is a contemporary American author whose works have been described by Richard Giannone as "comic masks covering the tragic farce that is our contemporary life" (Draper, 3784). Vonnegut's life has had a number of significant influences on his works. Influences from his personal philosophy, his life and experiences, and his family are evident elements in his works. Among his "comic masks" are three novels: Cat's Cradle, The Sirens of Titan, and God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. Throughout these novels, elements such as attitude, detail, narrative technique, setting, and theme can be viewed with more understanding when related to certain aspects of his life. These correlations are best examined in terms of each influence. One of the most significant influences from Vonnegut's life on his personal philosophy has been his participation in World War II. During the war, Vonnegut served in the American army in Europe and was captured by German soldiers. As a prisoner of war, he witnessed the Allied bombing of the city of Dresden, in which more than 135,000 people died due to the resulting fires (Draper, 3785). This experience had a profound impact on Vonnegut. From it, he developed his existential personal philosophy and his ideas about the evils of technology. He states, "I am the enemy of all technological progress that threatens mankind" (Nuwer, 39). The influence of Dresden shows up in each of the novels. In Cat's Cradle, one element of his experience at Dresden that Vonnegut portrays is his fear of technology. Initially, the intention of the story is for the narrator to write about what the scientists who invented the atomic bomb were doing the day it was dropped on Hiroshima. To this effect, one of the scientists in the story said, "Science has now known sin," to which another replied, "What is sin?" (Vonnegut, Cradle, 21). The focus on technology quickly changes to a material called ice-nine, which has the ability to freeze water at room temperature. This technological breakthrough, by a scientist who worked on developing the atomic bomb, has the ability to destroy the world by freezing all its water. Even though the people with ice-nine are very careful all through the plot, they lose control of it in the end and the world becomes frozen. With ice-nine, Vonnegut thematically demonstrates how relatively simple technolog... ...84). Bibliography: Draper, James P., editor. "Kurt Vonnegut, Jr." World Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. 1992 ed. "Existentialism." Microsoft Bookshelf '94. (CDROM) N.p.: Microsoft Corporation, 1994. "Kurt Vonnegut, Jr." Concise Dictionary of American Literary Biography: Broadening Views, 1968-1988. 1989 ed. Mantell, Harold, producer. Kurt Vonnegut: A Self Portrait. Films for the Humanities, Inc. 1975. Nuwer, Hank. "Kurt Vonnegut Close Up." The Saturday Evening Post. May/June 1986. pp. 3839. Reed, Peter J. Writers for the 70's: Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. U.S.A. Warner Books, Inc. 1972. Streitfeld, David. "Vonnegut, Existentially Speaking." Washington Post (DC) 29 August 1991. Newsbank, People, 1991, fiche 36, grid C13. Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr. Cat's Cradle. New York. Dell Publishing Co., Inc. 1963. "Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr." Discovering Authors. (CDROM) N.p.: Gale Research, Inc., 1993. Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr. God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. New York. Dell Publishing Co., Inc. 1965. Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr. The Sirens of Titan. New York. Dell Publishing Co., Inc. 1959. Wakeman, John, editor. "Vonnegut, Kurt (Jr.)." World Authors 1950-1970. 1975 ed.

Social Mobilization and Political development

Karl Wolfgang Deutsch is a professor of International Peace in Stanfield. Being a great Social Scientist, he was able to come up with an innovative concept on fundamental issues that discusses aspects of nationalism, political integration and political disintegration that occurs within and among many states which have been found to be applicable. He was able to link the concepts of evidence in theory that which are sought to be most preferably systematic and quantitative.In his concept of social mobilization, he defined it to be a process wherein people become deracinated from their ethnicity and turn out to be obtainable for innovative models of communication and behavior and he renowned quantitative pointers to consider it in most countries of the world.He was bale to show how such a process would become a precedent to uplift the probability of what he termed as political integration among the citizens who had been sharing one language, one tradition, and one basic concept of socia l institution whereas it speed up the factors that causes the disintegration of countries wherein citizens do not have the same characteristics. Thus his research and study in effect became enlightenment to the social influences that paved way to the decomposition of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia and also to the unification of the people of Germany in the history of the modern world.In his study, he was aloe able to establish the specific working conditions for political integration founded on his concept on the â€Å"security communities† which was greatly manifested in the North Atlantic countries. He identifies that the concepts in the political process that occurred in Europe and in the Atlantic as an integration that occurred through a series of conditional hypotheses which he attempted to examine through a quantitative proof having empirical evidences.In the article Deutsch argued that social mobilization is not merely a matter of having a series of changes that occur in a society among people. Rather, it should be understood to be a process that involves historical accounts and is related to economic developments wherein circumstances are clearly identified and are happening in a recurrent manner that are applicable in most countries which are found to be relevant in the field of politics.Therefore, Social Mobilization should be understood to be as a process that occurs to a large quantity of individuals in a society that goes through the process of modernization wherein there is an introduction of the concepts of innovative technology, practices that are non traditional, advanced practices, and changes in their economic life and that which these are deemed applicable and practicable in their lives that such shall be accepted. It should not be misconstrued to be in paralleled with the process of modernization as a whole.Social mobilization brings along with it the consequences where it deals with some periodic clusters history and tradition. Th ese consequences would therefore imply that such a process would definitely sacrifice such recurrent clusters where it would eventually bring conflict of interest socially of political interest in the process.This is the process involved in social mobilization where in there is a process of breaking down and erosion of the major clusters of the old social, economic, psychological commitments of the citizens making them ready for new models and patterns of behavior and socialization through the process of communication.Deutsch pictured such process to be a major step of any society aiming towards full development. He addressed such issues through the test using real situations of states and many countries. He was able to construe the concepts involved in these series of changes which now are made available to many states and countries a s a theoretical basis for social mobilization.Reference:Deutsch, K.W. (1961). Social Mobilization and Political Development. The American Political   Science Review, Vol. 55, No. 3 (Sep., 1961), pp. 493-514

I Don; T Know Essay

Why or why not? All personal and confidential information should be limited to the bare amount of health care professionals. Only to carry out medical treatment (MLAE). 2. In this case, how would you be able to correct your error and provide the missing documents to the patient while still protecting patient confidentiality under HIPAA? You should contact the patient inform them you still have the documents, and ask if they ould like to come to get them (MLAE). 3. Besides a HIPAA Patient Release of Information form, list 4 other items that are found in the medical record. A privacy notice, acknowledgment that the privacy notice was received, a trading partner agreement, and an agreement reached with a healthcare professional business associates (MLAE). 4. Legally, does the patient or the physician/healthcare facility own the medical record? Why? The healthcare facility, but the patient can access them any time as long as the physician feels it will cause no harm to the patient (MLAE) . 5. List 3 ways patient confidentiality is maintained in the reception/waiting area of a medical office. Not discussing patient information in the lobby. Making sure computer screens are out of patients sight. Also making sure patients files are not left open (MLAE). 6. A breach of confidentiality can result in what consequences for a health care professional? This could result in possible termination, or possible civil action being taken (MLAE). 7. From the list of Interpersonal Ethics (found in Chapter 1 of the Fremgen text), please describe how any of those traits were demonstrated in your actions in this case scenario? Respect by looking to make sure you could access his information (MLAE). Unit 8 Project Questions: Part II 1. Would the action taken in this second scenario be within your scope of practice for your chosen field? Why or why not? No only physicians should be giving out prescriptions, and they should have never even looked in the file. They should have just taken a message for the doctor (MLAE). 2. What determines your scope of practice for your chosen career? What you study, and what the office you are working in tells you to do (MLAE). 3. Would Respondeat Superior apply in this case scenario? Why or why not? I would not think so, because this person was not acting within their scope of Employment (MLAE). 4. Would the Good Samaritan Law apply in this case scenario? Why or why not? No because this was not any emergency situation (MLAE). 5. What role does the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) play in regards to prescription medication? The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, prescription and ver-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices (ERED), and veterinary products (MLAE). 6. What role does the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) play in regards to prescription medication and a physician’s ability to prescribe narcotics? Physicians must have a DEA license to write prescriptions, and i t must be for the state they are practicing in (MLAE). References Bonnie F Fremgen, Ph. D. (2009). MEDICAL LAW AND ETHICS. New Jersey : Pearson Education Inc.

The Cask of Amontilado essays

The Cask of Amontilado essays  ¡Ã‚ °The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge. ¡ So begins The Cask of Amontillado, Poe ¡Ã‚ ¯s horrifying tale of pride and retribution. Told by Monstresor, this story tells of how he lured his friend Fortunato into literally walking into his own grave. From the opening sentence the reader can perceive that Monstresor is proud and vengeful, and would do anything to save face. As the story progresses, Monstresor unravels the chilling tale of how he got his revenge, though vengence had been taken when no real offense had been given. In the midst of a great carnival Monstresor approaches Fortunato, claiming he has purchased a cask of Amontillado. He goes on to say that he doubted the authenticity of the wine, and was on his way to Luchresi ¡Ã‚ ¯s to ask him to taste it.  ¡Ã‚ °[Fortunato] prided himself on his connoisseurship of wine. ¡ This pride eventually leads to his downfall, for he criticized Luchresi ¡Ã‚ ¯s, saying he  ¡Ã‚ °cannot tell Amontillado from Sherry. ¡ Thus Fortunato accompanies Monstresor to the latter ¡Ã‚ ¯s family vault, where the nonexistent Amontillado was being stored. The vault, deep underneath the Monstresor estate, is  ¡Ã‚ °insufferably damp ¡ and  ¡Ã‚ °encrusted with nitre. ¡ The way Poe describes these catacombs further accentuates the morbidness of the situation.  ¡Ã‚ °We passed through a range of low arches, descended, passed on, and descending again, arriving at a deep crypt, in which the foulness of the air caused our flambeaux rather to glow than flame. ¡ The ominous tone of this story is characteristic of the gothic style of writing. Poe uses a good deal of symbolism in this story. For example, the Monstresor family coat of arms is  ¡Ã‚ °a huge human foot d ¡Ã‚ ¯or, in a field azure; the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose ...

How Dretske responds to Chisholm's claim that intentionality cannot be Essay

How Dretske responds to Chisholm's claim that intentionality cannot be naturalized - Essay Example Chisholm argued that intentionality cannot be naturalized because of the numerous influencing factors that surround us. According to Locke Chisholm argued that for every decision we make there must be a factor that influences or alters a person’s needs or will. He further argued that every decision we make is based on the fact that we must take the path to be comfortable. According to Chisholm factors affecting a person’s intent may also be psychological. This also denies the possibility that intentionality can be natural. To naturalize intentionality Chisholm argued that there must be absolutely free will in an action. In his argument need and wants of the people does not allow what individuals do to be natural. For instance, a person’s need for food, shelter and clothing makes ones intention to acquire the commodities an artificial intent. In this scenario, the intent can only be natural if one could survive without food and still have the intent and urge to ac quire the commodity. ... For instance, one can refer it to natural intentionality when a person takes an alternative option when tackling an issue but as artificial intentionality when the individual chooses another option based on threats or any other influencing factor. Chisholm argued that intentionality cannot be naturalized because of the numerous influencing factors that surround us. According to Locke Chisholm argued that for every decision we make there must be a factor that influences or alters a person’s needs or will (87). He further argued that every decision we make is based on the fact that we must take the path to be comfortable. According to Chisholm factors affecting a person’s intent may also be psychological (Locke 102). This also denies the possibility that intentionality can be natural. To naturalize intentionality Chisholm argued that there must be absolutely free will in an action. In his argument need and wants of the people does not allow what individuals do to be natur al. For instance, a person’s need for food, shelter and clothing makes ones intention to acquire the commodities an artificial intent (Locke 92). In this scenario, the intent can only be natural if one could survive without food and still have the intent and urge to acquire the commodity. According to Chisholm intentionality is built on artificial factors that man cannot evade. The only possibility to have naturalized intentionality is whereby an individual s considered free spirit in his environment. Locke defines a free spirit by arguing that a free spirit is a form of an individual who does not require influence from any environmental factor to make their decision (112). According to the author this scenario is practically impossible. From this perspective,

Analysing Australian Social Justice issues Essay

Analysing Australian Social Justice issues - Essay Example For the individual self, he or she is obliged to respect the corresponding right of others. This goes to say that a violation of the right of the other would entitle the violator or offender a punishment. Punishment is a form of regulation. When a criminal commits a crime, he or she is imprisoned. Regulation here is justifiable. Social justice then is achieved by the victim. This is how the rule of law works. It is fair and balanced. Incarceration takes away the liberty of the offender in exchange for the victim’s security. In this sense, the right to liberty is essentially linked with the right to security. A person’s â€Å"physical security is an inseparable part of the deprivation of liberty† (Langley, 1999). Q2) In recent years, the Queensland Police Service launched their One Punch Can Kill campaign. (See attached Case study #1) (a) In addition to young men aged between 15-25 years, who is the program trying to reach, and why? Aside from young men aged betwe en 15-25 years old, the â€Å"One Punch Can Kill† program is trying to reach girls and women. It is desired that the females in Queensland, Australia will help in making the program successful by influencing the young males not to violently react in heated instances as well as to instill in their minds that it is okay to walk away. Facilitators of the program are hopeful for the women to heed this call. Research data actually show that young men are highly influenced by the females surrounding them such as their moms, girlfriends and sisters. (b) What are some of the social effects of alcohol related violence? The â€Å"One Punch Can Kill† program enumerates the social effects of alcohol-related violence. There are six known results of this kind of violence. These are the following: (1) death (2) imprisonment (3) a permanent record of crime commission (4) leads one in not having a passport (5) prohibition to travel overseas and (6) emotional trauma for friends and fami ly of the offender and the victim. Of the six, death is to be rated as the most undesired consequence. Alcohol-related violence destroys the future of young individuals. It affects the way the victim interacts with other people. Q3) Why do crimes such as domestic violence and rape often go unreported? Provide at least four (4) reasons in your answer. According to Bergman and Berman (2009), domestic violence and rape are often unreported due to the following reasons: (1) the victim may think that it is better for the violence to be an isolated case so that it will not be repeated (2) the victim may fear that reporting the act of violence will just trigger his or her attacker to make more violent conducts (3) in case of a battered wife, she may fear that reporting the domestic violence could lead to loss of financial support for her children (4) in case of a raped victim, she may be ashamed of her situation. Q4) Thinking in terms of social and criminal justice, provide four (4) explan ations for the over-representation of Aboriginal people in Australian prisons. In your answer, also provide one example of how the Australian Government is responding to this inequality. Aboriginal people are over-represented in Australian prisons due to the following reasons: (1) the compulsory removal of the Aboriginal children away from their families and the institutionalisation that followed (2) socio-economic disadvantages -- such as unemployment,